Increase in Wolf Attacks on Finnish Reindeer Linked to Decline in Russian Hunting

An unprecedented rise in wolf attacks on Finnish reindeer has been reported this year, with approximately 2,000 reindeer falling victim to wolves. This figure marks a significant increase compared to a decade ago, when just over 500 reindeer were attacked annually, according to Finland's agriculture authorities.

Experts and herders operating in the border regions between Finland and Russia have observed that the escalation in wolf predation may be connected to changes in hunting patterns across the Russian border. The region of Kuusamo, which lies close to Russia in northern Finland, has a long tradition of reindeer husbandry, with local families relying heavily on their herds for both livelihood and tourism-related activities.

Reindeer numbers in these border communities have declined, and stakeholders attribute this trend to an increase in cross-border wolf migration. The reduction in wolf hunting on the Russian side is believed to be a key factor. Since the onset of the conflict in Ukraine, many able-bodied Russian men, including hunters, have been mobilized for military service. This has led to fewer hunting activities targeting large predators such as wolves, resulting in a larger wolf population near the border.

With limited hunting pressure, wolves have found it easier to move across the approximately 800-mile border into Finland, contributing to the spike in attacks on reindeer. Researchers who have monitored wolf populations in Lapland support the theory that decreased hunting in Russia is influencing wildlife dynamics in the region. Prior to the conflict, wolf hunting was more intensive and incentivized, helping to regulate predator numbers.

Recent data from Finland's Natural Resources Institute confirms that the national wolf population has surged from an estimated 295 in spring 2024 to around 430 currently. This is the highest recorded population in decades. DNA analysis of wolves in Finland over the past ten years also indicates an increase in animals with genetic backgrounds not previously observed in the country, suggesting new migration from Russia.

The growing wolf population poses a significant economic threat to reindeer herders, as each female reindeer is valued at roughly 17,000 SEK. The loss of animals not only impacts herders' income but also affects the broader rural economy, including associated tourism ventures.

In response to the increasing predation and its impact on agriculture and livestock, the Finnish government has introduced new hunting legislation. This law permits quota-based wolf hunting for the first time, with plans to cull 65 wolves in 2026 to stabilize the population. The policy shift follows approval from the European Union's Council of Ministers to reduce the protection status of wolves, allowing for more flexible management in light of rising livestock losses.

The decision to authorize controlled wolf hunting has generated debate, particularly among environmental groups concerned about conservation. These organizations argue that the measures could undermine long-term recovery efforts for the species. However, supporters of the new policy emphasize the need to balance wildlife protection with the livelihoods of rural communities and the sustainability of reindeer husbandry.

As Finland's authorities continue to monitor the situation, the interaction between predator populations, human activities, and cross-border dynamics remains a central challenge in managing wildlife and ensuring economic stability in affected regions.