The conventional notion of war conjures images of soldiers, rockets, and explosions. However, modern warfare extends beyond visible battlefields, infiltrating government computer networks and critical infrastructure, constituting what experts term "hybrid warfare." Russia stands at the forefront of this digital battlefield, leveraging cyber attacks alongside conventional military tactics, with detrimental effects reaching Germany.

Blame for cyber intrusions into German political circles recently fell on Russia, particularly concerning a cyber attack targeting the SPD at the onset of last year. Hackers reportedly breached the email accounts of the SPD party executive, implicating the Russian military intelligence agency GRU as the orchestrator.

This incident is emblematic of a broader trend. According to the German Economic Institute, Russia accounted for 28 percent of significant cyber attacks on government agencies and corporations between 2011 and 2022. China followed with twelve percent, Iran with eight percent, and the USA with four percent. Moreover, reports from Google indicate a fourfold increase in Russian cyber attacks within NATO countries between 2021 and 2023, likely linked to the conflict in Ukraine.

Suspected Russian cyber attacks on German entities have surged, albeit definitive attribution remains challenging due to potential false flags. Nevertheless, pro-Russian groups have at times claimed responsibility for these attacks, targeting various state institutions from democratic bodies to law enforcement websites.

Examples of such attacks on Germany abound:

• In April 2015, hackers breached the German Bundestag's network via phishing emails, infecting systems with malware, including those in Chancellor Angela Merkel's office.
• September 2020 witnessed a significant IT outage at Düsseldorf University Hospital due to a cyber attack.
• The "Hamburger Abendblatt" fell prey to phishing emails in late 2020, leading to widespread computer replacement across the Funke publishing house.
• Private email accounts of Bundestag members were targeted in March 2021 through phishing attempts.
• Early 2023 witnessed a European-wide website paralysis, affecting state ministries and police authorities.
• Since late February 2024, hackers have circulated fake dinner invitations purportedly from the CDU, marked by notably poor German language skills.

In response to these threats, CDU General Secretary Carsten Linnemann announced bolstered security measures, including restrictions on cell phones during meetings at the Konrad-Adenauer-Haus to prevent eavesdropping.

As cyber attacks continue to pose a significant threat, German political parties and institutions are fortifying defenses to safeguard against potential intrusions, recognizing the enduring challenge in future electoral campaigns and beyond.