EU Auditors Raise Concerns Over Adulterated and Low-Quality Olive Oil in Member States

The European Union's supreme audit institution has raised significant concerns regarding the quality and authenticity of olive oil marketed as 'extra virgin' across member states. A recently published report urges EU countries to implement stricter quality controls and improve traceability measures to ensure consumer protection and uphold the reputation of one of Europe's most important agricultural exports.

Olive oil labeled as 'extra virgin' is subject to the highest quality standards in the EU, requiring production through cold pressing of fresh olives that can be traced back to a specific country of origin. However, consumer organizations have repeatedly reported cases where products fail to meet these stringent requirements. Issues such as the presence of chemical residues, improper processing methods, and blending with lower-quality oils have been identified, prompting renewed scrutiny from EU authorities.

The audit highlights that while some major producing countries--such as Italy and Spain--have robust electronic tracking systems for domestic olive oil production, challenges arise once oil is transported across borders for bottling and distribution. At this stage, oversight often weakens, increasing the risk of mixing oils from various origins, including imports from outside the EU. The report notes that approximately nine percent of the EU's total olive oil output is supplemented with oil purchased from non-EU countries, which is subject to less rigorous inspection.

EU auditors emphasize that these practices can compromise the overall quality of olive oil sold in the single market. They urge member states to reinforce their monitoring systems, especially for imported oils, to ensure compliance with established production and labeling standards. The report also recommends that all EU nations adopt more consistent testing procedures and share information to prevent fraudulent practices and mislabeling.

Olive oil remains one of the most strictly regulated food products in the European Union. National governments are responsible for enforcing compliance with EU quality norms, not only to protect local consumers but also to maintain the strong global reputation of European olive oils. The EU currently accounts for over 60 percent of global olive oil exports, making adherence to these standards critical for the region's agricultural sector.

While the report acknowledges improvements in monitoring pesticide residues in recent years, it points out that other potential contaminants, such as mineral oil residues, are not always thoroughly checked. An independent assessment conducted by an Austrian consumer association in 2023 found that eight out of eighteen sampled extra virgin olive oils contained elevated levels of mineral oil residues. Further laboratory testing revealed that several products showed signs of advanced aging or possible unauthorized heat treatment, both of which are not consistent with the 'extra virgin' designation.

In light of these findings, the EU's auditors call on member states to increase the frequency and depth of laboratory analyses. Enhanced testing would help detect adulteration and ensure that only genuine, high-quality extra virgin olive oil reaches consumers. The report also suggests that harmonizing controls across the bloc would better protect consumers and preserve the market integrity of this key European export.

The continued vigilance and cooperation of EU member states are regarded as essential to maintaining the high standards associated with European olive oil. By implementing the recommended measures, the EU aims to safeguard consumer confidence and ensure that its olive oil remains a symbol of quality and authenticity worldwide.