Ninety Years Ago: Defining a 'German Business' and Historical Glimpses from Europe

In the aftermath of the early 20th century, legal and social distinctions regarding business ownership and employment in Germany underwent significant changes. Previously, the classification of a company as 'Jewish' or 'non-Jewish' depended on the heritage of its proprietor. However, new judicial practices emerged, resulting in severe implications for Jewish employees. German labor courts established that a single Jewish staff member was sufficient for a business to be excluded from being labeled as a 'German business.' Consequently, appeals from dismissed Jewish workers were denied if employers justified terminations as necessary to display the 'German Business' sign. Although courts required standard notice periods for these dismissals, no protection against termination or resulting unemployment was provided, even in cases of long service or family circumstances. Additionally, Berlin authorities prohibited 800 firms from using the terms 'German' or 'national' in their business names during this period.

Elsewhere in Europe, a variety of events shaped the historical landscape. In Vienna, the tragic circumstances of former folk singer Luise Montag attracted attention when she was institutionalized after exhibiting signs of severe mental distress. The community was shocked by her behavior, which included carrying her deceased pet and claiming visits from her late husband.

Diplomatic developments also marked this era. In London, a significant gesture of reconciliation occurred when the British Foreign Secretary expressed optimism for ongoing peace and collaboration with Germany in the spirit of the Locarno Treaties. These agreements, forged among major European powers, aimed to secure lasting stability and mutual understanding after the devastation of World War I.

Further afield, the death of Khai Dinh, the Emperor of Annam, was reported from his palace in Hué. His reign was characterized by loyalty to France and a dedication to the arts and cultural preservation. His son and successor, Prince Binh Thuy, was in Paris at the time and was expected to return to assume leadership, while a regency council managed affairs during the transition.

In the United States, the struggle for dominance within New York's criminal underworld intensified. The murder of Charles Shermann, a known associate in gang circles, was believed to be linked to the ongoing power shift following the assassination of notorious figure Dutch Schultz. Authorities suspected Charles Luciano, a prominent leader, as orchestrating the changes, though evidence remained insufficient for prosecution.

Social trends of the era included the rise of new fashion phenomena among women in Vienna. The 'men's haircut' for women, inspired by Parisian styles, gained popularity, representing a shift toward bolder and more individualistic expressions of femininity.

Public welfare and safety concerns were also prominent. Reports highlighted the risks of opportunists exploiting charitable initiatives and emergencies for personal gain. Authorities responded by increasing oversight of fundraising and assistance programs to prevent fraud and ensure aid reached those in need.

Traffic regulations came under review as officials considered reinstating a bicycle registration requirement in Vienna. The measure aimed to address safety concerns caused by a minority of reckless cyclists, although its effectiveness was debated due to challenges in enforcement, particularly at night.

Industrial relations saw breakthroughs after intense negotiations between government representatives and public sector employees. A compromise was reached to avert a strike, ensuring public services continued without disruption. Simultaneously, a bakers' strike in Vienna threatened bread supply, leading to public anxiety and stockpiling, though immediate shortages were not yet widespread.

Medical perspectives on nutrition and health emphasized moderation, advising that while caffeine in tea and coffee could enhance alertness and productivity, excessive consumption of any food, including milk, could be detrimental.

Criminal investigations advanced with the arrest of a Hungarian student suspected in the murder of a Romanian woman traveling through Austria. Evidence led to a confession, closing a high-profile case that had drawn international attention.

Finally, reports from Italy reflected both cultural attitudes and contemporary challenges, including familial disputes leading to violence and public disorder, even during funerals, with authorities frequently required to intervene to maintain order.